Understanding GLP1: Essential Monitoring, Support Strategies, and Key Blood Tests

Michelle Meyer
Oct 26
3 min read

What is GLP-1?

GLP-1 is an incretin hormone produced in the intestines when we eat. It helps manage blood sugar by enhancing insulin release, inhibiting glucagon (a hormone that raises blood sugar), and slowing gastric emptying. These actions help lower blood sugar levels. Moreover, because GLP-1 increases feelings of fullness, it is a key player in weight management therapies.

GLP-1 receptor agonists, like Ozempic, Wegovy, or Mounjaro mimic the effects of this hormone. They are often effective tools for people managing type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, they require consistent monitoring and support to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Monitoring GLP-1 Therapy

Monitoring is essential when individuals begin GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy. Here are important factors to track:

Blood Sugar Levels: Regular checks are critical. Patients should learn self-monitoring and recognise target ranges. Monitor HBA1C, Fasting insulin, and glucose.
Weight Changes: Since GLP-1 medications can lead to weight loss, regular weigh-ins can help evaluate treatment effectiveness. Studies show a typical weight loss of 5% to 10% of body weight with proper use of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Patients may experience nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea as side effects. Monitoring these symptoms can assist in managing side effects or adjusting dosages when necessary.
Kidney Function: Some GLP-1 medications can impact kidney function. Regular kidney tests, such as creatinine levels, and eGFR checks, are important, especially for those with pre-existing issues.
Thyroid Function: Certain GLP-1 receptor agonists may pose a risk of thyroid tumors. Monitoring thyroid function tests is advisable in at-risk patients.

Support Strategies for Patients on GLP-1

Supporting individuals on GLP-1 therapy requires a well-rounded approach. Consider these strategies:

Education: It’s vital to provide thorough education about the medication and its potential effects. Patients should clearly understand how GLP-1 functions and the importance of sticking to their treatment plan.
Dietary Guidance: Since GLP-1 influences appetite, collaborating with a nutritionist can help patients create meal plans that support their goals. For instance, diets high in fibre and low in processed sugars can enhance treatment.
Physical Activity: Encouraging regular exercise enhances the effects of GLP-1 therapy. Strength training is essential due to muscle loss (sarcopenia)
Regular Follow-ups: Routine check-ups allow healthcare providers to track progress and make necessary adjustments. A good benchmark is to schedule follow-ups every three months during the initial phase of treatment.

Eye-level view of a healthcare professional discussing GLP-1 therapy with a patient — Healthcare professional providing guidance on GLP-1 therapy

Key Blood Tests for GLP-1 Monitoring

Ensuring the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 therapy involves various blood tests:

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): This test reflects average blood glucose over the past two to three months. Regular monitoring helps gauge diabetes management. An ideal HbA1c level is typically below 7%.
Liver Function and Lipid Profile: Assessing cholesterol and triglycerides is crucial, as GLP-1 treatments can influence lipid levels and liver function. This test helps evaluate cardiovascular health.
Kidney and Pancreas Function Tests: Tests such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are important, particularly for patients with existing kidney conditions.
Thyroid Function Tests: Regular checks can help detect thyroid abnormalities early, especially in patients at risk.
Electrolytes: Monitoring electrolyte levels is useful, particularly if gastrointestinal issues lead to fluid loss or dehydration.

Final Thoughts

There are some wonderful positives for diabetes and pre diabetes patients. Improvements in blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity, lower inflammation and lower cardio risk.

Support strategies are very important to ensure healthy weight loss and stable health—Education, dietary advice, and regular follow-ups—empower patients throughout their treatment journey.

As GLP-1 therapies continue to advance, staying informed and proactive will be essential for maximizing their benefits.